|
Listuguj |
Francis/Smith |
IPA |
VPM |
Example Words |
|
p |
p |
p |
voiceless bilabial plosive |
pugtew 'fire' pe'sgewei 'gun/rifle' nipugt 'forest' mt'p 'brain' |
|
t |
t |
t |
alveolar plosive |
tmawei 'tobacco' temte'g 's/he breaks it by hitting' gesita'tl 's/he hurts someone badly' si'st 'three' |
|
g |
k |
g |
velar plosive |
gelu'lg 'it's good' guntew 'a rock' igeggwet 's/he gets sick' gitaqeg 'it is sore from work/exercise' |
|
q |
q |
q |
uvular plosive |
qame'g 'on the other side of river/valley' gaqtugwaw 'thunder' jampo'qiet 's/he is doing somersaults' qasawo'q 'iron' |
|
gw |
kw |
gw |
labialized velar plosive |
tapusi’gw ‘we are two’ (inclusive) Gisu'lgw ‘the one who made us’ nesuto’gsi’gw ‘s/he won or beat us three’ gwe’ ‘greetings or hello’ |
|
qw |
qw |
qw |
labialized uvular plosive |
qwalqwasiet ‘the setting sun’ qwa’niej ‘phoney person’ qwaniejuwei ‘ fake/not the real thing’ |
|
j |
j |
voiceless palatoalveolar affricate |
jipji’j ‘bird’ jugu’wa ‘come here’ jigla’si ‘go away’ jiptug ‘perhaps’ |
|
|
s |
s |
s |
voiceless alveolar fricative |
sepei ‘this morning’ sismo’qon ‘maple sugar/sugar’ tapuisqa’q ‘twenty’ Se’sus ‘Jesus’ |
|
m |
m |
m |
bilabial nasal |
maqtawe’g ‘black or is being black’ eptaqano’guom ‘cupboard’ tmi’gn ‘axe’ amgwes ‘the first one/time’ |
|
n |
n |
n |
alveolar nasal |
nasgwa’tu ‘divide it’ nantunewet ‘reaching around under sgilminn ‘seeds’ Se’ta’n ‘St. Anne’ |
|
l |
l |
l |
alveolar lateral approximant |
lusgnign ‘bannok’ pelqa’toq s/he peels it’ llgusuaqan 'ladder' elpilatl 's/he sends him/her by rope' |
|
i |
y |
j |
palatal approximant |
iap 'bull moose' gaqtaqaiet ‘the end of rope or string’ atlaig ‘shirts’ asgaiwatl ‘causes hurt’ atnamgewei 'checker game' |
|
w |
w |
w |
labio-velar approximant |
wela’lin ‘thank you’ welm’toq ‘s/he is kind’ wisawe’g ‘yellow or is being yellow’ welm'tu'ti'gw 'we are kind' |
Listuguj |
Francis Smith |
IPA |
HAR |
Example Words |
i |
i |
i |
close (high) front unrounded |
ilta'toq 's/he closes it' istua'latl 's/he turns him/her sideways' naspit 's/he is attached' mijua'ji'j 'child' |
e |
e |
ε |
open-mid front unrounded |
|
a |
a |
ɑ |
open back low unrounded |
|
o |
o |
o |
closed-mid back rounded |
o'plteg 'it's not set right' oqnisgwa'tu 'cover it up' giwto'qigsma'toq 's/he pushes it around in a circle' nsanoqon 'danger' |
u |
u |
u |
close back rounded |
|
i' |
i' |
i: |
long vowel (applies to all vowels) |
i'tew 's/he will be there' e'pit 'a woman' a'pi 'fishing net' o'pla'teget 's/he does wrong' |
' |
|
ə |
mid central unrounded |